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It was at the Diet of Worms where Martin Luther was told to recant his blasphemy and reaffirm his loyalty to the Catholic Church. Neither one happened and the Reformation became widespread. Luther was excommunicated and went into hiding.

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Charles V was actually Flemish (modern Belgium) but spoke French primarily in his youth as was born in Ghent and raised in Brussels.

Charles also became the Holy Roman Emperor – basically the King of Germany. Every so often, usually with several years in between, the Emperor would call a Diet somewhere within the Empire in which he would meet with German princes and clergy and release laws (edicts), discuss foreign policy, etc.

Charles had become alarmed at the popularity and momentum of Luther’s teachings and many princes and clergy considered them heretical. He requested Luther’s attendance at a the Diet in Worms in 1521 and guaranteed him safe passage to come and defend himself in person against the claims of his enemies. Luther did show up and defended himself but Charles was not convinced of his arguments and released the Edict of Worms which was a new law forbidding the teaching of Luther’s doctrine within the Empire on pain of death. Some think that Charles planned on arresting Luther despite his promise of safe passage, as had been done with the similar case of Jan Huss of Bohemia roughly a century before. But Frederick the Elector of Saxony, was a staunch Lutheran and protected him and arranged his escape from Worms.

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Diet of Worms

The Diet of Worms (Reichstag zu Worms) was a general assembly (a Diet) of the estates of the Holy Roman Empire that took place in Worms, a small town on the Rhine river located in what is now Germany. It was conducted from January 28 to May 25, 1521, with Emperor Charles V presiding. Although other issues were dealt with at the Diet of Worms, it is most memorable for addressing Martin Luther and the effects of the Protestant Reformation.

The previous year, Pope Leo X had issued Exsurge Domine, demanding that Luther retract 41 purported errors, some from his 95 theses criticising the Church, others from other writings and sayings attributed to him. Luther was summoned by the emperor to appear before the Imperial Diet. Prince Frederick III, Elector of Saxony, obtained an agreement that if Luther appeared he would be promised safe passage to and from the meeting. Such a guarantee was essential after the treatment of John Hus, who was tried and executed at the Council of Constance in 1415, despite a safe conduct pass.